Märkimaks enam kui aasta möödumist täiemahulise sõjategevuse algusest Ukrainas, on aeg teha tagasivaade riikide erinevatele kogemustele nii ajutise kaitse rakendamisel kui põgenike vastuvõtmise korraldamisel ning suunata pilk tulevikku, et võtta vaatluse alla riikide pikemaajalised strateegiaid.
UNHCRi 11. aprilli andmetel on sõja tõttu Euroopasse elama asunud üle 8 miljoni Ukraina põgeniku, kellest 5 miljonit on saanud ajutise kaitse või sarnase riikliku kaitsestaatuse. Suur osa Ukrainast põgenenud inimestest on asunud elama Ukrainale lähemal asuvatesse riikidesse nagu Poola (ligi 1,6 miljonit), Tšehhi (üle 500 000) ja Moldovasse (üle 100 000 inimese). Eestisse on saabunud ligi 130 000 Ukraina sõjapõgenikku, kellest umbes 70 000 on siia jäänud, ülejäänud on liikunud edasi teistesse riikidesse.
Esimest korda Euroopa Liidu toimimise ajaloos tegi Euroopa Nõukogu 04.03.2022 otsuse ajutise kaitse direktiivi rakendamiseks, et kaitsta Ukrainas toimuva sõja tõttu põgenevaid inimesi. Vastuvõtvad riigid on seejärel kohaldanud ajutist kaitset või sarnaseid skeeme, mis tagavad põgenikele kohalike elanikega samad õigused ja kohustused (ligipääs tööturule, õpingutele, tervishoiule ning sotsiaalkaitsele). Et kogemused ja väljakutsed on riikide lõikes erinevad, keskendub konverentsi esimene paneel väljakutsete ja parimate praktikate jagamisele.
Sõjaline konflikt Ukrainas jätkub ning selle lõppu ega tulemit ei ole võimalik tõsikindlalt ennustada. Kuigi paljud sõjapõgenikest sooviksid kodumaale naasta, ei ole sõjaseisukorra tõttu turvaline tagasipöördumine endiselt võimalik. Sellest tulenevalt tõstatuvad üha enam pikaajalisi plaane ja strateegiaid puudutavad küsimused – kuidas jätkata põgenikele toe pakkumist, mis saab ajutise kaitse lõppemisel ning kuidas adresseerida Ukraina tulevikuga seotud küsimusi. Eelloetletule keskendutakse konverentsi teises paneelis.
EMN Eesti konverents „Aasta ajutist kaitset – tagasivaade ja pilk tulevikku“ püüab analüüsida, kuidas oleme tulnud toime ajutise kaitse rakendamise ja Ukraina sõjapõgenike vastuvõtmisega nii Eestis, Euroopa Liidus kui teistes vastuvõtvates riikides ning millised on riikide tulevikustrateegiad.
Konverentsil on võimalik osaleda nii Sisekaitseakadeemias kohapeal kui ka veebis Worksup keskkonna vahendusel.
Konverents toimub eesti ja inglise keeles.
Konverentsi saab jälgida ja küsimusi küsida Worksup keskkonna kaudu: https://worksup.com/app?id=EMNCONFERENCE2023. Konverentsi modereerib Allan Rajavee.
Ajakava
09.00 – 09.30 Registreerimine ja hommikukohv
09.30 – 09.50 Konverentsi avamine ja tervituskõned
- Egert Belitšev, PPA peadirektor
- Magnus Ovilius, Euroopa Komisjon
09.50 – 10.40 Konverentsi sissejuhatavad ettekanded
- Sundränne Ukrainast alates 2/2022: ülevaade ja tulevikustsenaariumid, Dr. Franck Düvell, vanemteadur, Osnabrücki Ülikool, rände- ja kultuuridevaheliste uuringute instituut (IMIS)
- Ajutine kaitse – aasta aktiveerimisest, Cecilia Verkleij, Euroopa Komisjon
10.40 – 11.00 Kohvipaus
11.00 – 13.00 I sessioon: Tagasivaade ajutise kaitse aastale – väljakutsed ja parimad praktikad
Esimeses sessioonis keskendutakse aastale ajutise kaitse rakendamisest – millised on olnud põgenike vastuvõtmisel peamised väljakutsed, õppetunnid ning head praktikad. Paneelis arutatakse ka põgenike teiseseid liikumisi EL-s ning välispiiri ületamisega seotud küsimusi.
Esimest sessiooni modereerib Kerli Zirk.
- Ajutise kaitse rakendamine ja sellega kaasnevad väljakutsed Soomes, Jutta Saastamoinen, EMN Finland, Soome Migratsiooniamet (Migri)
- Ajutise kaitse rakendamise hetkeolukord Lätis, Ilze Briede, Läti Kodakondsus-ja Migratsiooniamet
- Ajutise kaitse direktiiv Leedus: kodust eemal kodus, Agneta Ladek, Leedu Siseministeerium
- Aasta ajutise kaitse direktiivi aktiveerimisest – õppetunnid Poolast, Ewa Poławska, Poola Sise-ja haldusministeerium
- Ajutise kaitse rakendamise kogemus Eestis, Liis Valk, Politsei- ja Piirivalveamet
Järgneb modereeritud arutelu.
13.00 – 14.00 Lõuna
14.00 – 15.50 II sessioon: Pilk tulevikku
Teises sessioonis keskendutakse sõjapõgenikega seotud pikaajalistele plaanidele ning tulevikustsenaariumitele. Samuti antakse ülevaade Kanada kogemusest ja käsitletakse teemasid nagu kriisiohje, rahvastikuprognoosid, sõjapõgenike pikaajalised kaasamisplaanid ning Ukraina tulevikuga seotud küsimused.
- Ülevaade Ukraina rändeolukorrast ja vastused Venemaa agressiooni põhjustatud väljakutsetele, Dmytro Horban, Ukraina riiklik migratsiooniteenistus
- Planeerides tulevikku, saatkonna vaade ja arengukoostöö, Kaimo Kuusk, erakorraline ja täievoliline Ukraina suursaadik, Eesti välisministeerium
- Venemaa agressiooni mõju rändevoogudele ja piirihaldusele, Uku Särekanno, Frontex
- Ülevaade Kanada immigratsioonimeetmetest ja toetustest ukrainlastele, Veronica Coulter, Kanada esindus ELi juures
- Kahe-eesmärgiline lõimumine , Ave Lauren, OECD
Ettekannetele järgneb küsimuste ring.
15.50 – 16.00 Lõppsõnad
Esinejad:
| Ave Lauren is a comparative migration policy expert at the International Migration Division of the Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), where her current work focuses on the Ukrainian refugee crisis. Prior to joining the OECD, she worked in different capacities at the European Migration Network (EMN), including coordinating EMN’s cooperation activities with non-EU countries and heading the National Contact Point for Estonia. She holds a Ph.D. in Geography from the University of Cambridge, where her research focused on highly skilled migration from Asia to the United States. | |
| Dmytro Horban, deputy head of the Department for Information and Analytical Support at the State Migration Service of Ukraine. Within his duties, Mr. Horban is one of the SMS representatives, responsible for supporting the processes of the European integration of Ukraine in the field of migration. Taking into account the previous experience in the field of international relations and consular affairs, Mr. Horban is currently coordinating the development of the cooperation between SMS and the European Commission in the framework of the European Migration Network. | |
| Cecilia Verkleij works as Deputy Head of Unit of the Asylum Unit in the Directorate General Migration and Home Affairs (DG HOME) of the European Commission. After gaining a degree in law from Leiden University, she worked as a lecturer Constitutional Law and research fellow European Law at the University of Tilburg, and as a civil servant with the European Commission, where she has worked with a number of services, including the Directorate-Generals for Competition and the Internal Market. Her expertise covers human rights, information exchange and data protection in the areas of law enforcement and security, and free movement of persons within the Schengen area. | |
| Egert Belitšev is the Director General for the Estonian Police and Border Guard Board. From 2020-2023, Mr. Belitšev worked as a Deputy Director General for Border Management. He has worked in the Police and Border Guard Board in different positions in the field of migration management since 2010 and previously in the Citizenship and Migration Board from 2006-2009. Egert Belitšev has Master of Laws degree from Tartu University. |
| Ewa Polawska is an expert in the field of migration and asylum responsible for leading EU affairs and policy-making in the above-mentioned area, in particular the Common European Asylum System. Since 2021, Ms. Polawska is associated with the Department of International Affairs and Migration of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration of Poland. In 2008-2020 Ms. Polawska worked in the Office for Foreigners as an expert in the field of return and reception. In 2016-2020, she was responsible for supervising centres for asylum seekers run as the Head of the Unit in the Department of Social Assistance. Ms. Polawska is also a long-term collaborator of IOM Poland, long-term EUAA collaborator and currently National Contact Point for IDS EUAA. | |
| Franck Düvell, PhD, senior researcher, coordinator of force migration and refugee research programme (FFVT), Institute for Migration Research and Intercultural Studies (IMIS), Osnabruck University. Previously, he was head of the migration department at the German Institute for Integrations and Migration Research (DeZIM) and associate professor at the Centre on Migration, Policy and Society (COMPAS), University of Oxford. | |
| Ilze Briede has long-term experience in the Office of Citizenship and Migration Affairs of Latvia, solving issues related to the field of visas and residence permits and participating in working groups organized by the Council of the European Union and the Commission on this topic. Regularly participates in the drafting of national regulatory acts and adoption of European Union legislation in the field of migration. As an expert, she has participated in several international projects financed by the European Union and ICMPD, the purpose of which is related to the improvement of management and regulatory acts in the field of migration. |
| Jutta Saastamoinen has been working for EMN Finland as a senior specialist since 2014. She has previously worked as a senior adviser at the Asylum Unit of the Finnish Immigration Service and as a researcher at the Country of Origin Information Unit of the Finnish Immigration Service. Ms. Saastamoinen holds a Master of Philosophy degree in Russian and East European Studies from the University of Oxford and a Master of Arts degree in International Relations from the University of St Andrews. | |
| Kaimo Kuusk is an Estonian diplomat and a former Foreign Intelligence Service officer. Since 2019, he has been the Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Ukraine. |
| Liis Valk works as a legal status determination service owner and a group lead in the Police and Border Guard Board of Estonia. Ms. Valk has worked in the Police and Border Guard Board in different positions in the field of migration management since 2010 and previously in the Citizenship and Migration Department from 2005-2009. Ms. Valk has a mag. Iur. degree from Tartu University. | |
| Magnus Ovilius is the Head of Sector for the European Commission’s Home Affairs Migration Forecasting, Contingency Planning, Preparedness and Policy Monitoring. Mr. Ovilius is also Chair and Manager of the European Migration Network (EMN) which includes horizontal coordination, representation and negotiations with EU Member States, and EMN Observer countries: Norway, Ukraine, Moldova, Georgia, Serbia, Montenegro and Armenia.responsible for inputs and support to policy making including through the European Migration Network (EMN). |
| Uku Särekanno is serving as Deputy Executive Director for European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) Information Management and Processes. He is responsible for the implementation of the European Travel Information and Authorization System (ETIAS) and interoperability framework. He is also in charge of the Agencies corporate functions related to ICT, financial management, security and facilities. During his 19-year-long career, Mr. Särekanno has worked in senior level positions in the Estonian public administration as well as in EU institutions. | |
| Veronica Coulter is presently the Minister-Counsellor (Migration) at Canada’s Mission to the European Union. Prior to joining the Mission in Brussels, Ms. Coulter was the Area Director (Migration) for Latin America/Caribbean based in Mexico City, overseeing operations of the Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) offices covering Mexico, Central and South America and the Caribbean. She has managed all aspects of Canada’s migration programs in Mexico and Morocco, and refugee resettlement from Egypt and Sudan. Other postings include The Hague, where she covered issues related to human smuggling and trafficking, and a secondment to UNHCR’s Regional Office in Cairo, Egypt. |